Chapter 1: Introduction to Economics

• Meaning and Definitions of Economics

• Scope, Subject Matter, Nature and Limitations of Economics

• Importance of Economics

• Terminological Words of Economics

• Needs Vs Desires and its Classification

• Microeconomics and Macroeconomics

Chapter 2: Theory of Consumer Behavior

• Concept of Utility, Marginal Utility, and Total Utility

• The Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility

• Law of Equi-Marginal Utility

• Consumer Surplus

Chapter 3: Demand and Supply

• Demand and The Law of Demand

• Supply and The Law of Supply

• Interaction Between Market Demand and Supply

• Elasticity of Demand and Supply

Chapter 4: Theory of Production

• Production and the Concept of Total, Average and Marginal Production

• Production Function

• The Law of Variable Proportions

• Laws of Returns to Scale

Chapter 5: Factors of Production

• Factors of Production

• Land and its Characteristics

• Capital and its Characteristics

• Capital Formation - Process and Importance

• Labor and its Characteristics

• Division of Labor | Types, Advantages, and Disadvantages

• Labor Efficiency and factors affecting Labor Efficiency

Chapter 6: Organization of Business

• Organization - Functions and Characteristics

• Individual Organization - Sole Proprietorship Organization with its Advantages and Disadvantages

• Partnership Business with its Advantages and Disadvantages

• Joint-Stock Company with its Advantages and Disadvantages

• Public Enterprise - Characteristics, Importance, and Problems

Chapter 7: National Income and Human Development

• National Income and its Various Concepts (GDP, GNP, NNP, PCI)

• Difficulties in Measuring National Income

• Human Resources and its Importance

• Measurement of Human Development Indicators

Chapter 8: Agriculture and Natural Resources

• Agriculture in Nepal - Characteristics and Importance

• Problems and Solutions of Modernization of Agriculture in Nepal

• Agriculture Marketing in Nepal - Nature, Problems and Solutions

• Agricultural Finance in Nepal - Sources, Problems, and Solutions

• Water Resources - Importance - Current Status

• Forest Resources - Importance - Deforestation and Solution

• Mineral Resources - Importance - Current Status

Chapter 9: Industry, Cooperatives, and Tourism

• Classification and Introduction of Industry in Nepal

• Importance, Problems, and Solutions to the Problems of Industry in Nepal

• Meaning, Principles, and Importance of Cooperatives

• Cooperatives in Nepal - Development, Current Situation, Problems and Solutions

• Introduction to the Tourism Industry in Nepal: Importance, Potential, and Challenges

Chapter 10: Population and Development Issues

• Malthusian Population Theory

• Theory of Optimum Population

• Poverty in Nepal- Meaning, Definitions, Types and Poverty Line

• Factors Causing Poverty in Nepal and Measures to Reduce

• Unemployment and its Types

• Causes of Unemployment and Programs for Employment Promotion in Nepal

• Foreign Employment - Importance and Disadvantages for Nepal

• Problems of Foreign Employment and Measures for Solutions

• Economic Inequality in Nepal - Causes, Measurement, and Measures to Reduce

Chapter 11: Globalization, Liberalization, and Privatization

• Globalization with its Positive and Negative Aspects

• Economic Liberalization with its Positive and Negative Aspects

• Privatization with its Positive and Negative Aspects

Chapter 12: Household and Family Economics

• Household (Family) Economics

• Introduction to Household Management: Key Aspects, Roles, Responsibilities, and Qualities of a Household Manager

• Family Resource Sources and Their Management

• Family Budgeting: Importance, Types, Preparation, and Key Household Tasks

• Family Technology and its Use

• Family Welfare, Living Standards, and Satisfaction

Chapter 1: Statistics

• Definition, Scope, and Functions of Statistics

• Importance of Statistics

• Data Collection, Sources of Data, and Methods of Data Collection

• Classification of Data - Purpose and Methods

• Some Concepts Used in Statistics

• Tabulation of Data

• Introduction to Statistical Diagrams and Graphs

• Calculation and Application of Simple Arithmetic Mean, Median, and Mode

• Price Index and its Calculation

Chapter 2: Economic Planning

• Economic Planning - Evolution and Importance in Nepal

• Components and Processes of Economic Planning

• Sixteenth Periodic Plan of Nepal (2081/82 - 2085/86)

Chapter 3: International Trade

• International Trade

• Comparative Cost Theory of International Trade

• Balance of Trade and Balance of Payment

• Free Trade Policy

• Protectionist Trade Policy

• World Trade Organization (WTO)

• South Asian Free Trade Area Agreement

Chapter 4: Financial Systems and Public Finance

• Public Finance - Government Revenue and Expenditure

• Government Budget, its Types and Formulation Process

• Taxes - Direct and Indirect

• Systems of Tax

• Financial Market - Money Market and Capital Market

• Non-Banking Financial Institutions

• Credit Instruments and its Importance

• Bank: Meaning and Classification

• Commercial Bank and its Functions

• Central Bank and its Functions

Chapter 5: Money and Economy

• Money and its Types

• Functions of Money: Primary, Secondary, and Contingent Roles

• The Barter System: Concept, Challenges, and Limitations

Chapter 6: Economic Development

• Economic Development and Growth

• Indicators of Economic Development

• Features of Nepalese Economy

Chapter 7: Economic Theories

• Lewis's Theory of Unlimited Supply of Labor

• Marxist Theory of Economic Development

• Classical Theory of Economic Development

• Uncertainty-Bearing Theory of Profit

• Ricardian Theory of Rent

• The Classical Theory of Interest

• The Subsistence Theory of Wages

Chapter 8: Market Structures and Production

• Factors of Production

• Meaning and Types of Markets

• Perfect Competition Market

• Monopoly Market

Economics Level 3

Economics Level 4