Exceptions / Limitations of Law of supply:

1. Expectations of a fall in price:

If the firms anticipate that the price of the product will fall further in future, in order to clear their stocks they may dispose it off at a price that is even lower than the current market price.

2. Auction sale:

If the seller is in need of hard cash, he may sell his product at a price which may even be below the market price.

3. Clearance sale:

If the firms want to shut down or close down their business, they may sell their products at a price below their average cost of production.

4. Agricultural output:

In agricultural production, natural and seasonal factors play a dominant role. Due to the influence of these constraints supply may not be responsive to price changes.

5. The backward sloping supply curve of labor:

The rise in the price of a good or service sometimes leads to a fall in its supply. The best example is the supply of labor. A higher wage rate enables the worker to maintain his existing material standard of living with less work, and he may prefer extra leisure to more wages.