Unit 3 Sports Class 12 English | Language Development solutions and exercise

 Before you read

 a. What does UEFA stand for?

Ans. UEFA stands for the 'Union of European Football Association.'

b. How many teams competed in Euro Cup 2020? 

Ans. 24 teams competed in Euro Cup 2020.

c. Which is your favorite team? Why?

Ans. My favorite team is Italy because I have been impressed by the better judgment of the Goal Keeper Gianluigi Donna Rumma.

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 Working with words

A. Many English words are from other languages, such as redemption in the news above comes from the Latin word redimere, a combination of re(d) -, meaning "back," and emere, meaning "buy."

Now, find out the origin and the meaning of the following words from the text.

penalty

major

stadium

trophy

defender       

anthem

dejection

jubilant

record

suave

podium

tournament

reminiscent

incredible

savor       

 

Penalty : (noun) Punishment

[Latin - poenalis - pertaining to punishment]

 

 Major : (adj) greater, more important, leading 

[From latin- 'magious'- large, great]

 

Stadium : Latin form of the Greek world

['Station' a measure of length; a race course]

 

Stadium : a sports arena, large roofless building   

 

Trophy : Greek 'strophe' - stronghold choral ode in classic Greek drama.

French : trophee- a prize of war

[Latin- trophaeum- monument to victory]

[English : A cup or other decorative. object awarded as a prize for a victory or success.]

 

Defender : (n) person who protects support to someone.

[Latin : defensor, french- defendour one who protects from injury champion.]

 

Anthem : Song as of praise, devotion or patriotism

[Greek- antiphonos, responsive, against over' and phone or voice.

 

Dejection: Sad and depressed state low spirt

[Latin- 'deicere' meaning 'throw down' unhappy condition.

 

Jubilant : Latin jubilantom to shout for a joy.

[Jubilare- to let out whoops] .

[(adj) English - Jubilant- feeling or expressing great happiness and triumph.]

 

Record : (v) latin- recordari- remember call to mind. ressstore re cor heart.

a thing constituting a piece of evidence about the past.   

 

Suave : (adj0 charming confident    Latin- word- sauve means agreeable.

 

Podium : Greek- foot, platform.

 

Tournament : (old french) tornement contest between groups of kinght on horseback.

a sport competition (n)   

 

Reminiscent : Latin origin. (to talk about old re +minisci - to remember, to think latin - reminiscentem - past experience.)

 

Incredible : impossible to believe

Latin- incredibilis - not + see in + credibilis worthy or belief.

 

Savor : (n) old french. Savor - flavor, taste seasoning, delight, pleasure.

(taste or smell of something)

 

B.    Consult a dictionary and define the following terms related to cricket. 

Example:

wicket: two sets of three sticks standing in the ground with pieces of wood lying stump crease boundary sixer googly leg-bye wicket maiden pitch power-play no-ball yorker

 

Stump

One of the three vertical making up a wicket is a way of dismissing a batman in which the wicketkeeper breaks the batsman's wicket with the ball when the batsman is outside their crease but has not attempted a run.

 

Crease

The crease is a certain area demarcated by white lines painted or chalked on the field of play.     

 

Boundary

Is the scoring of four or six runs from a single delivery in cricket the boundary is the perimeter of the playing field.

 

Sixer

In cricket, a six or sixer is a player that has managed to score six or four runs or six runs during a professional match.

 

Googly

In the game of cricket, a googly refers to a type of delivery bowled by a right arm, leg-spin bowler.

 

Wicket

    It is one of the two sets of team's three players stumps can and hit two the bails wicket at either with end of the pitch. The fielding ball in a number of ways to get the batsman out.

 

Maiden   

When a blower delivers an entire over without the batsman managing to score a run.

 

Pitch

 The pitch is a rectangular area of the ground 22 yards/ 20.12 m in length and 10ft./3.05 meters in width.

 

Power play

    In the final 10 overs 41-50, a maximum of five fielders will be play    allowed to field outside the 30-years circle. A maximum of two fielders are allowed outside a 30-yard circle (27 meters).

 

no-ball 

a length delivery to a batsman. It is also the extra run awarded to the batting team as a consequence.

 

yorker

 a yorker is a ball bowled that hits the cricket pitch around a batsman's feet when a batsman assumes a normal stance, this generally means that the cricket ball bounces on the cricket pitch on or near the batsman's popping crease.

 

C. Pronunciation

Divide the following words into two groups in accordance with their pronunciation /al/ and /el/. 

fine, shine, rein, rail, why, sleigh, height, bright, might, snail, break, fake, five, freight, eight, game, claim, friend, sight, white, gait, by, hail, frame

Comprehension

1. State whether the following sentences are True or False or Not Given.

1. England was the champion of the 1996 World Cup Football. True

2. Italy bagged its first Euro Cup trophy in the Euro Cup 2020. False

3. The English team has won more trophies in International Football than Italy. True

4. According to the captain of the English team, the pain of losing a match has lasting effects. False 

5. The Italian team was playing in their home ground. False   

6. The goalkeeper of the Italian team had performed the best than any other player in the match. True

B. Answer the following questions.   

1. Why does the reporter say that England is waiting to heal its half-century-long pain?

Ans. The reporter says that England is waiting to heal its half-century-longtain because England had not won the final match in 55 years. In Euro cup 2020, England would get the benefit of home ground and supporters. So it would bag the trophy this time as the reporter expected before.

2. How did the Italian players react as soon as they became the champions?

Ans. Italy's jubilant players handed to the other end of the field and ran as one diving to the ground in front of the Italian fans who had witnessed a rebirth of their national team as they become the champions.

3. Why did Saka and Sancho cry?

Ans. Saka and Sancho cried because Donna-rumma was mobbed, by his teammates as they sprinted towards him from the halfway line at the end of the second penalty shootout in the European championship final.

4. Penalty shoot-out has long been a bitter experience for the English team. Why?

Ans. It is because England had lost major tournaments in a penalty shoot-out in the past. 1990, 1996, 1998, 2004, 2006, and 2012 had given heartache results in football tournaments. They had missed the trophy in penalty shootouts.

5. State the contribution of Roberto Mancini to Italian football.

Ans. Reber to Mancini, their sauve coach who had won an international trophy in his first attempt to add to the country's other European title- in 1968. and its four world cups. He has performed outstanding guidelines to have a trophy is 2020 Eurocup. 

6. How does the Euro Cup final 2020 remind the audiences of the 2018 World Cup semifinals? How?

Ans. In 2018, England defeated by beating Croatia in penalties in the round of 15 at the 2018 world cup. It was reminiscent of when England also scored early against Croatia when spent most of the game chasing its opponent's midfield before losing in extra time.

 Critical Thinking

a. “Every match is a new opportunity. Put its failure behind and start over again.” Does this apply to the Italian football team when we analyze their performance from failing to qualify for the World Cup to winning the European Championship in four years?

Answer:
Yes, every failure can be a stepping stone to success. Failure begins with mistakes and errors in judgment, which guide the next efforts toward achievement. Four years ago, Italy experienced the lowest point in its soccer history by failing to qualify for the World Cup for the first time in six decades.

Failure is an essential part of growth. When a person fails, they should not lose heart. Instead, they must analyze the mistakes that led to the failure and work to overcome them in future attempts. Repeated efforts ultimately lead to success, and failure provides a new perspective that helps us achieve our goals. It teaches us to think critically, learn from mistakes, and explore new paths.

This principle directly applies to the Italian football team. They demonstrated courage, teamwork, and determination, which culminated in winning the European Championship in the 2020 Euro Cup.

b. When a team plays on its home ground, does it get significant support from the audience? Does this support help them win, or can it create pressure that leads to a loss?

Answer:
The influence of playing at home on a team’s performance is debated. It depends on the players’ individual abilities, teamwork, and composure. Home support can motivate a team, but if players feel excessive pressure to win, it may lead to mistakes and penalties.

For example, in the Euro Cup 2020, England faced intense pressure and overconfidence while playing at home. During the penalty shootout, simple errors in judgment caused the team to miss critical goals. In football, even minor mistakes can determine the outcome of a match.

Ultimately, while playing at home can provide advantages, factors such as fair play, confidence, and mature sportsmanship are more critical. Therefore, betting or predicting outcomes based solely on home advantage is not reliable.

Writing Exercises

A. Punctuate the Paragraph

Original:
A lot of people try to get away from home for a few days, each year for a holiday. There are lots of things to choose from and where you go depends on, how much money you have got to spend ideas; for holidays. Include relaxing on a beach exploring cities and skiing. One man wanted to go to Australia, but thought he'd never have enough money to get there. He will go to his brother's caravan at the seaside instead a young woman wanted to go clubbing in Ibiza as she'd heard its a lot of fun.

Corrected:
A lot of people try to get away from home for a few days each year for a holiday. There are many options to choose from, depending on how much money you have. Holiday activities include relaxing on a beach, exploring cities, and skiing. One man wanted to go to Australia but thought he would never have enough money to get there, so he decided to visit his brother's caravan at the seaside instead. A young woman wanted to go clubbing in Ibiza, as she had heard it was a lot of fun.

B. News Story

Given Information: Argentina beat Brazil to win Copa America

Answer:
RIO DE JANEIRO (Reuters) – Argentina won their first major title in 28 years on Saturday. Lionel Messi finally secured his first medal in a blue-and-white shirt when Ángel Di María scored the only goal of the match, giving Argentina a 1-0 victory over Brazil and equaling Brazil’s record with 15 Copa America titles.

Di María, starting for only the second time in the tournament, justified his selection by scoring midway through the first half. Brazil applied heavy pressure in the second half with five strikers on the field, but could not equalize against an Argentine defense led by the outstanding Rodrigo De Paul.

"First, we have to congratulate our opponents, especially for the first half when they neutralized us," said Brazilian defender Thiago Silva.

C. Argumentative Essay: Hosting International Sports Events

Title: Hosting International Sports Events: Benefits and Challenges

Hosting international sports events, such as the World Cup, brings both advantages and challenges for the host country.

Advantages:
The primary benefit is prestige. The host country becomes the center of global attention, which enhances its international image. Hosting attracts tourists, generating revenue from visas, accommodation, and local businesses. This boosts government income and stimulates the economy.

Infrastructure improvements are another advantage. New stadiums, transportation systems, and facilities enhance the country’s long-term development. Athletes also benefit from exposure to different skills, techniques, and cultures, while hosting promotes cultural exchange and social cohesion.

Challenges:
On the other hand, organizing such events is extremely costly. Governments must invest millions to build stadiums, arenas, and supporting infrastructure. These funds could be better allocated to sectors like healthcare, education, and public welfare. Hosting may also place a temporary strain on citizens, compromise public services, and sometimes lead to financial insolvency.

Sustainability Considerations:
To maximize benefits, host countries must adopt sustainable strategies. Proper planning ensures that events bring economic growth without causing long-term debt. Employment opportunities, foreign investment, and tourism can offset expenses if managed wisely.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, while hosting international sports events involves substantial costs and risks, the benefits often outweigh the disadvantages. Countries that plan carefully can enjoy prestige, economic growth, and improved infrastructure while creating unforgettable experiences for athletes and spectators alike.

Grammar 

Determiners and quantifiers

 A. Observe the following examples.

1. People have unethical justifications for all their actions.

2. Americans throw away around 2.5 million plastic bottles every hour.

3. Around 2 billion litres of human and industrial wastes are dumped into it each day.

4. All of these create the illusion of complete pleasure at our fingertips, with none of the hassles of pain.

5. If a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the whole ocean does not become dirty.

The words in boldface in the examples above are called determiners and quantifiers. We use determiners to identify things (the book) and we use quantifiers to say how much or how many (a few drops). The following table shows the determiners and quantifiers in English. 

Determiners	Qualifiers
Definite article: the Indefinite articles: a/an Possessives: my, your, his, her, our, their, its Demonstratives: this, that, these, those Interrogatives: which, what	Any, all, many, much, most, some, a few, a lot of, a little, none, and the cardinal numbers (one, two, three), etc.

B. Complete the following sentences with much, many, few or little.

1. He is an introvert. He has got very few friends.
2. I am busy in preparing my examinations. I have very little time to give to you.
3. The entire winter season was dry this year. We had a little rain.
4. Our town has almost been modernized. There are ten old buildings left.
5. You can come today. I haven't got much to do.
6. The party was crowded. There were too many people.
7. How many photographs did you take while you were in Switzerland?
8. There was few traffic so I came in time.
9. Can I borrow few books from you?
10. Mohan can't be a good teacher. He has less patience.

C. Put each or every in the following sentences.   

1. The party split into three factions, each faction headed by a former prime minister.
2. Leap years occur every four years.   
3. Every parent worries about their children.
4. We had a great time in Singapore. We enjoyed every minute of our time.
5. I could catch the main idea of his speech but I didn't understand each of his words.
6. In Nepal, every motorcycle rider should wear a helmet.
7. You must read each of these books for the exam.

 D. Rewrite the following sentences using all of, most of, none of, both of or some of.

1. Your garden is superb. All of the flowers are beautiful.
2. Do you know Bharat and Kamal? Of course, I do both of them are my friends.
3. I bought a box of apples thinking it would be cheaper but I was mistaken. most of them were rotten.
4. When I was in the town, I asked some people for directions but none of them were able to help me. I had to call my friend.
5. We all were soaked in the rain because none of us had carried an umbrella.
6. My father is healthy in his seventies but he feels isolated because all of his friends are dead now.
7. All of the tourists are not Chinese most of them are Korean too.

 

E. Choose the best word from the brackets to complete the sentences.

1. Give me the money I owe you. (which/the/a/an)
2. I want the boat which would take me to the island. (the/an/those/a)
3. Could you pour me some water, please? (many/few/these/some)
4. Only a few. employees know how important the project was. (a few/a little/little/few)
5. He was looking for an umbrella. (an/a/those/these)
6. A large amount of water was evaporated due to excessive heat. (A large number of/ A lot of/ A large amount of/Many)